Choosing respectful language when talking about people is always kind and important, especially when it comes to referring to people with disabilities. Certain terms can make marginalized groups feel even more isolated and misunderstood. Part of how you can be a better advocate and ally for these groups is by understanding identity-first versus person-first language. Doing so will help you respect people’s preferences and acknowledge their identities. Let’s dive into what each term means and why trying your best to get it right is important.
What Identity-First Language Is
Identity-first language puts the identifying characteristic before the person. For example, instead of saying “A person with autism,” you’d say, “An autistic person.” This way of speaking emphasizes the identity as an integral part of the individual.
Many people prefer identity-first language because it acknowledges that their disability or characteristic is a significant part of who they are.
For example, someone who identifies as “Deaf” rather than “a person with hearing loss” might see their Deafness as an important cultural and social identity, not just a medical condition. Identity-first language can validate this perspective, affirming their relationship with their identity.
What Person-First Language Is
Person-first language, on the other hand, puts the person before the characteristic. To reference our previous example, you’d say “a person with autism” instead of “an autistic person.” The idea behind this is to emphasize the individual’s personhood before their condition or identity, presenting it as one aspect of who they are rather than the defining feature.
Person-first language is often used to avoid defining people solely by their disabilities or conditions. For example, saying “a person with diabetes” rather than “a diabetic” emphasizes that diabetes is just one part of their life, not the entirety of their identity. This approach is intended to promote dignity and reduce stigma.
Why the Distinction Matters
Now that we’ve covered the basics of identity-first versus person-first language, you might be wondering why this distinction matters. Here’s why: language shapes our perceptions and can greatly impact how individuals feel about themselves and how they are viewed by society.
It Shows Respect
Firstly, using preferred language shows respect. When you use the language someone prefers, it shows that you’re paying attention and that you care about their identity. For example, in the autistic community, many individuals prefer identity-first language because they see their autism as a core part of who they are. Therefore, using identity-first language could help promote autism inclusion in your community.
On the other hand, some people with disabilities prefer person-first language as a way to feel seen beyond their disability or condition. Generally, this is the stance when it comes to mental health. For instance, the phrasing “a person with bipolar disorder” is preferred to “a bipolar person.”
It Affects Societal Views
Secondly, the language we use can either reinforce or challenge societal attitudes. Using identity-first language can challenge negative stereotypes about disabilities by stressing that these characteristics are integral and acceptable aspects of human diversity. Conversely, person-first language can promote inclusivity by highlighting the individual’s humanity first and foremost.
Which To Use
You should always defer to an individual’s wishes when it comes to using person-first or identity-first language. If you’re unable to directly ask or are speaking generally about a group, use your best judgment based on research.
No matter which you use, communicate with respect and empathy. Be considerate, ask questions when in doubt, and be ready to adapt. By doing so, you open the door to more meaningful and respectful interactions.